A federal grand jury in Buffalo indicted the Canadian doctor Anthony Galea on Thursday on five charges that he distributed performance-enhancing drugs to professional athletes.

The indictment formalized charges laid out in a criminal complaint filed by the federal authorities in May that accused Galea of providing human growth hormone to a retired N.F.L. player and an unapproved drug to a current player. The charges include conspiracy, fraud and lying to border agents.

Galea has said he used H.G.H. himself and provided it to patients in Canada, but never gave H.G.H. or other performance-enhancing drugs to pro athletes.

Among the athletes he treated were Tiger Woods, Alex Rodriguez, Jose Reyes and Dara Torres. Galea has said he treated Woods with a blood-spinning therapy that is not considered doping and gave Rodriguez anti-inflammatory medicine.

According to the indictment, Galea treated more than 20 professional athletes in the United States between July 2007 and September 2009, providing many with H.G.H. and other performance-enhancing drugs.

At the time, Galea did not have a license to practice medicine in the United States.

Mark Mahoney, a Buffalo-based lawyer for Galea, declined to comment Thursday, saying he had not read the indictment.

The investigation started in September 2009 when border officials found vials of substances in the car of Galea’s assistant, Mary Anne Catalano. She told the authorities that Galea had provided professional athletes with performance-enhancing drugs.

Catalano told the authorities that Galea treated a number of athletes with a cocktail that included H.G.H., which is banned by the N.F.L., Major League Baseball and professional golf.

The New York Times reported in May that Catalano told the authorities that Galea injected Rodriguez with one of the drug cocktails at least once. Rodriguez has rebuffed efforts by federal agents to speak with him about his relationship with Galea. Woods said in June that he had met with the agents.

Rodriguez has told baseball investigators that Galea treated him, but that he did not use banned substances then.